Introduction

The S700X SQUID Susceptometer is the most sensitive instrument for DC and AC measurement of magnetic properties as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Numerous different experiments may be performed with this unique instrument.

The SQUID sensor at the heart of the system has an input noise power sensitivity of approximately10-30 Joules per root Hz. This energy sensitivity is 108 better than any semiconductor device and accounts for the instrument's ability to resolve extremely small magnetic signals with accuracy and speed.

The S700X has several modes of operation. The most widely used is the measurement of total magnetic moment made by moving the sample through a set of pick-up coils. During the measurement the sample temperature and applied magnetic field are precisely controlled. The second order gradiometer configuration used for the pick-up coils is insensitive to the externally applied field but allows samples of 10-11 Am2 total moment to be resolved with ease. 
 

Key Benefits

The following competitive features are provided in the basic system package free of charge.

Continuous Measurements
To make continuous measurements in a changing background field, we include the Oscillating Mode facility. Under this condition the sample is oscillated vertically over a distance of few millimeters. The detected sinusoidal signal from the SQUID is proportional to the magnetic moment of the sample.

Fast Temperature Changes
The ultra light design of the sample chamber allows fast temperature changes and stabilizes quickly, because there is hardly any heat capacity to overcome other than that from the sample holder and the sample. A second temperature control loop regulates the temperature of sample space tube in order to enhance the performance at higher temperatures.

Any temperature within the wide range of 1.6K to 370K can be kept continuously, as long as there is liquid helium in the main reservoir.

Magnetic Shielding
Based on the experience in the field of Rock Magnetometers, the S600's shield system consists of a mumetal can and a niobium shield, which reduces the background field to as little as 0.5 mG. The system is fully shielded against external noise and changes in the background field.

Data Acquisition
The 16 bit DAQ with software controlled preamplifiers can cope with signals of 130dB dynamic range. An optional range changer widens this span to 190dB.

User Friendly
Great care has been taken to make the system as user friendly as possible. The new LabVIEW software provides an open software environment that allows the user direct control of all features of the system with real-time graphical displays of all the relevant functions.

The data gained during a measurement are analyzed in terms of magnetic multipoles. This unique feature gives a dipole moment independent of the sample shape and is error tolerant in respect to sample position. A feature which allows inexperienced users to perform reliable measurements.

An on-line help feature, which is available at any stage of the experiment, provides support to newcomers making their first measurements and allows advanced users to optimize the system performance according to their requirements. 
 

Optional Features

AC Mode Measurement Facility
An AC measurement option is available as a complement to the standard DC method to study the magnetic susceptibility of materials directly. We offer the facility to perform direct susceptibility measurements in AC magnetic fields from 10-2 to 500Hz. The magnet is fitted with a separate superconducting coil for the AC field, providing up to 5 Gauss AC field, and is driven by the main system electronics. With this option, the total sensitivity is maintained at up to 10-8 emu in a 1T background field.

Dynamic Range Extender
The standard measurement range (106 total dynamic range) is from 10-11 to 10-5 Am2 can be extended to measure signals as large as 5 x 10-3 Am2. The extender is automatically activated during measurement if the sample moment is above the standard dynamic range. This option may be retro-fitted to an existing insert.

Extended Temperature Range
An extension of the standard temperature range to high temperature is available using the oven insert. In normal operation, the system has a continuous temperature range of 1.6 to 370K. With the oven insert this is complemented by allowing measurements in the range 200- 700K.

Transverse Measurement Facility
Simultaneous multiple axis measurements are possible by the addition of secondary (and optionally tertiary) pick-up coils in the main magnet assembly. This enables measurements of sample anisotropic effects. Included with the transverse axis facility is a motor which permits rotation of the sample, controllable to 0.1 degree. This facility allows simultaneous measurement in two or three axes.

Transverse Field Saddle Coil
A small transverse field (~ 1 Gauss) may be applied using an optional saddle coil mounted around the main superconducting magnet. The saddle winding is energised using an independent power supply. A persistent mode switch is an optional feature. The transverse field option is offered for use with the transverse pick-up coil sets.

Fluxgate Field Measurement System
For some applications it is very important to verify the magnet field at very low applied fields. The fluxgate option allows field measurements within the sample column up to a limit of 20 Gauss with a resolution of 10-5 Gauss.

Hall Probe Field Measurement
To compliment the fluxgate option, Cryogenic offers the Hall probe facility to enable measurement of magnetic field in the range 0.1 Gauss to 105 Gauss.

Oscillating Mode
The software allows magnetic measurements by a continuous oscillating mode moving the sample 2mm to 5mm peak to peak. The signal is detected synchronously and the moment displayed. This method permits measurements to be made without the need to stabilise the background field. 

Competitive He-3 pot control to 1mK

Latest measurement results including He-3 insert down to 300mK

AC, DC & Relaxation Measurements

The VSM measures the magnet moment by moving the sample between two pick-up coils at frequency of 1 to 100Hz.  Sensitivity is to 10-6 emu with a suitable averaging time. The standard temperature range is 1.6K to 325K with fields up to 18 Tesla.  A Helium-3 option is available which allows tempratures down to 300mK for some type of measurements.

Cryogenic offers the VSM measurement capability in two options:

Option 1: Fully integrated Cryogen Free VSM measurement System to 18 Tesla.    

The VSM measures the magnet moment by moving the sample between two pick-up coils at frequency of 1 to 100Hz.  Sensitivity is to 10-6 emu with a suitable averaing time. The standard temperature range is 1.6K to 325K with fields up to 16 Tesla.  A Helium-3 option is available which allows tempraturesdown to 300mK for some type of measurements.

The pick-up coils are built into the main magnet system .  These have the advantage that the coils are at 4K independent of the sample temperature but require a larger magnet with a smaller VTI.

The system would include Helium Free or liquid helium Cryomagnet, Variable Temperature Sample space, a set of special probes which carry the sample, as well all the electronics, computer and measurement software.

 

Option 2: Cryogen Free Mini VSM Measurement System.

Cryogenic offers the Mini helium free magnet system with fields up to 5 Tesla for measurements of Electrical, Magnetic and thermal properties of material.

The mini measurement system is built around a modular framework with a cryogen free platform. The system consists of a cryogen free magnet (up to 5 Tesla), Variable temperature Insert, two cryocoolers (pulse tube and GM), special probes to measure different material properties, computer, electronics and measurement software.

The system is delivered as an integrated turnkey system with installation, training and support.

 
Introduction

The RnX series measurement systems provide a versatile platform for a wide range of studies into the properties of materials as a function of temperature, time and magnetic field. As standard, these include DC and AC resistivity, magnetisation and susceptibility.

The standard RnX series enable measurement of sample resistance in the range of 106 to 10-6 Ohms in a temperature range of 1.6 to 300K. If measurements are required in a magnetic field Cryogenic offers a range of magnets suitable for every need providing up to 14T along the sample access and 8T orthogonal to the sample access.

Resistance measurements are made using a 4 terminal probe with drive currents from 1A up to 100mA. The sensitivity of the data acquisition system is 0.1 V to 1000mV full scale. In order to verify each measurement, the system simultaneously measures both the 2 and 4-terminal voltages over the sample. The applied voltage is dynamically reversed in order to subtract thermal potentials, and the measurement averaged.

 

Optional Features

High temperature oven insert
An extension of the standard temperature range to high temperature is available using the oven insert. In normal operation, the system has a continuous temperature range of 1.8 to 300K. With the oven insert this is complemented by allowing measurements in the range 200- 700K.

Very low field option
The addition of a precision 4-quadrant low current source (250mA o/p) to the main power supply, enabling precise low field excursions on the sample. The low field range is dependent upon the maximum field of the main magnet.

Low resistance and critical current measurement
For measurement of very low resistance materials we include the facility to measure down the nano-Ohm resistances. This facility includes a precision nanovolt amplifier and 1A current source.

Critical current measurement to 120A sample current
A probe for critical current measurements to 120A for use with high conductivity or superconducting materials. Voltage measurement to 0.1 Volt or better is offered.